Causes and Treatments Of Constipation According To Ayurveda

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Due to changing lifestyle, the intestinal motility disorders such as constipation are rising at an alarming rate. It can occur at any age and it is one of the most common problems worldwide. The timely treatment of constipation is most essential to avoid any complications.

It occurs when the large intestine absorbs too much water from the stool. It may also occur due to inadequate contraction of bowel walls to expel the waste products.  The complications of constipation include bowel obstruction, hemorrhoids, rectal prolapse, hernia, spastic colitis etc.

A large number of people use laxatives for constipation but these should not be used for longer duration as these can alter the normal physiological functions of the intestines.

What are the causes of Constipation?

  • Intake of low fibre diet
  • Lesser intake of fluids
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Diabetes
  • Hemorrhoids
  • Chemotherapy
  • Taking less fibre diet
  • Less water intake
  • Lack of physical activity
  • Stress or anxiety
  • Travelling
  • Skipping meals
  • Irregular eating habits

What are the symptoms of Constipation?

  • Hard and dry stool
  • Disturbed bowel movements
  • Lethargy
  • Abdominal pain
  • Abdominal cramps
  • Headache

Constipation according to Ayurveda:

Constipation is known as Vibandh in Ayurveda. It is caused due to the prakopa of Apana Vata. This prakopa is caused mainly due to the Vriddhi of Ruksha guna which results in excessive shoshana of drava in the pakwashya and pureesha. The drava shoshana in Pakwashya leads to the decreased peristaltic movement of the large intestine and Drava Shoshana in Pureesha results in an increase of the hardness of the stools. This pathology occurs in the Pureesha Vaha srotas moola i.e., Pakwashaya and Sthoola guda. Along with Apana Vata, Samana Vata Vaigunya is also common in constipation.

What is the Ayurvedic treatment of Constipation?

Ayurvedic treatment is based on natural healing methods that use herbal medicines to cleanse the body of toxins and to attain physical and mental regeneration. The line of Ayurvedic treatment of Constipation is Samyak Anulomana of Apana Vata. Since Vata is the main Prakupita dosha here, so the aim is to balance Vata dosha.

Some Ayurvedic formulations/herbs for the treatment of Constipation are:

1.Triphala: Triphala is an age-old remedy for constipation. Triphala is an ayurvedic herbal formulation of dried       fruits from three plants in equal proportions: Haritaki (Terminalia chebula), Bibhitaki (Terminalia bellerica) and     Amalki (Emblica officinalis).

  • Triphala can be taken in the form or powder everyday for regulating bowel movement.
  1. Cow Ghee: Take 1 teaspoon of cow ghee and dissolve it in 1 cup (150 ml) of warm water. This should be taken at bed time. It is a very effective remedy for mild constipation.
  1. Aragwadha: The fruit pulp of Aragwadha (10 gram) should be taken along with warm milk or water. This helps in providing relief in chronic constipation.
  1. Castor Oil: The tender leaves of castor plant commonly known as Erand are taken and grounded into fine paste. Fresh aloe vera pulp should be added to this oil. Consumption of this mixture help in patients who frequently suffer constipation. Regular use of aloe vera in diet also prevents constipation.
  1. Psyllium Husk (Isabgol): Psyllium husk is a major source of dietary fibre and has been used as a part of Ayurvedic remedy since ages. It improves digestion and adds bulk to the stool. Take psyllium husk with warm water in the morning for normal bowel movement.
  1. Figs (Anjeer): Take 1-2 figs and soak them overnight. Eat figs on an empty stomach in the morning.
  1. Abdominal Massage: Take warm mustard oil and do massage in the abdominal area in circular motion clockwise. This massage should be done on an empty stomach and at night just before going to bed. Abdominal massage lowers the severity of abdominal symptoms and increases bowel movements.
  1. Prune Juice: Prune juice is mild laxative in nature therefore it is a natural solution for constipation. It cleanses the colon.
  • It increases the peristaltic movement and its sugar content helps in drawing fluids into the intestines. Thus, it helps in constipation.
  1. Gulkand (Rose Petal Jam): Gulkand is prepared from rose petals and it is a commonly used home remedy for constipation.
  • It is prepared from the rose petals of plants such as Rosa centifolia, Rosa damascena
  • The rose flowers have laxative property and these increase the frequency of defecation.
  • It is also used for acidity, GERD, burning sensation etc.
  • Take 1-2 spoons of gulkand regularly.
  1. Flaxseed Oil: Consumption of flaxseed oil helps in getting rid of chronic constipation as it increases the bowel movements and reduces the symptoms like abdominal pain and bloating.
  • One can start from ½ tablespoon flaxseed oil in the diet and then increase its amount to 1 tablespoon twice a day.
  1. Wheat Grass: Wheat grass is considered as an excellent remedy for constipation. It has other health benefits as well. It can be taken in the form of powder or juice. Take 1 teaspoon of wheatgrass powder by mixing it in water and drink this water on an empty stomach in the morning.
  • For chronic constipation, this remedy can be continued for at least 3 months.

Some Herbs useful in the treatment of Constipation are:

  1. Katuki (Picrorrhiza kurroa)
  2. Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis)
  3. Haritaki (Terminala chebula)
  4. Senna leaves

Some Ayurvedic medicines useful in the treatment of Constipation are:

  • Abhayarishta
  • Trivit Lehyam
  • Triphala Choorna
  • Drakshadi Avleh
  • Patoladyarishta

Diet and Lifestyle:

  • Include fibres in the diet such as lot of fresh fruits, vegetables, legumes. Consider eating fruits and vegetables salad mix as a part of your lunch or dinner.
  • Drink plenty of water throughout the day.
  • Avoid the consumption of excess tea and coffee.
  • Cut down dairy products in the diet.
  • Do not sit at one place for a long period of time.
  • Do not hold natural urges.
  • Avoid eating junk and processed food.
  • Try to drink warm liquids in the morning except tea and coffee.
  • Take your meals regularly.
  • Avoid self medication.
  • Some yogasanas such as Pawanmukt asana, Uttana Padasana and other exercises that put pressure on the abdomen are useful.

Constipation is a common digestive issue that can cause discomfort and affect overall health. In Ayurveda, constipation is considered a disruption of the normal function of the digestive system, particularly the Vata dosha, which governs movement in the body. Ayurveda focuses on restoring balance to the digestive system and addressing the root cause of constipation rather than just alleviating the symptoms.

Causes of Constipation in Ayurveda

According to Ayurveda, constipation is primarily associated with an imbalance in Vata dosha (which governs movement in the body), but it can also be influenced by Pitta (which governs digestion and metabolism) and Kapha (which governs structure and lubrication) imbalances. The main causes of constipation in Ayurveda can be categorized into internal (physical and emotional) and external factors:

1. Imbalance of Vata Dosha

Vata is the dosha responsible for movement and elimination in the body, including the movement of waste through the intestines. When Vata becomes aggravated or imbalanced, it can lead to dryness and blockage in the colon, slowing down bowel movements and causing constipation.

  • Causes of Vata Imbalance:

    • Dry and cold foods: A diet that is too dry, cold, or light (such as raw salads or crackers) can increase Vata and cause constipation.

    • Dehydration: Insufficient water intake leads to dryness in the body, further aggravating Vata.

    • Stress and anxiety: Excessive mental tension or worry increases Vata, affecting digestion and elimination.

    • Irregular routine: Inconsistent meal times, erratic sleep schedules, and lack of physical activity can disturb Vata and lead to constipation.

2. Imbalance of Pitta Dosha

Pitta governs digestion and metabolism, and its imbalance can affect the functioning of the digestive system. When Pitta is aggravated, it can cause acidic imbalances in the intestines, leading to inflammation and reduced bowel motility, which can result in constipation.

  • Causes of Pitta Imbalance:

    • Excessive spicy or acidic foods: A diet rich in spicy, oily, or acidic foods can upset the Pitta dosha and lead to digestive disturbances.

    • Excessive heat or stress: Emotional stress, anger, and an overactive lifestyle can increase Pitta, leading to digestive issues like constipation.

3. Imbalance of Kapha Dosha

Kapha governs lubrication, nourishment, and stability. When Kapha is imbalanced, it can lead to the accumulation of mucus and sluggish digestion, which may result in constipation.

  • Causes of Kapha Imbalance:

    • Heavy, fatty, and greasy foods: Eating too many dairy products, fried foods, or overly rich foods can slow down digestion and cause constipation.

    • Inactivity: A sedentary lifestyle, lack of exercise, and a sluggish metabolism can contribute to an increase in Kapha, leading to constipation.

4. Other Contributing Factors

  • Poor Diet: A diet low in fiber, such as a diet that primarily consists of processed foods or meats, can cause constipation by reducing the bulk and moisture content of stool.

  • Lack of physical activity: Physical inactivity or sitting for long periods can reduce the motility of the intestines and cause constipation.

  • Medications: Certain medications, such as painkillers (especially opioids), antacids, and iron supplements, can slow down bowel movements.

  • Underlying health conditions: Conditions like hypothyroidism, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), or diabetes can also lead to constipation.

Ayurvedic Treatment for Constipation

The Ayurvedic treatment for constipation involves restoring balance to the Vata dosha, improving digestion (Agni), and increasing the moisture content in the colon. Ayurveda also emphasizes dietary changes, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications to effectively treat and prevent constipation.

1. Dietary Recommendations for Constipation

  • Warm, cooked foods: Ayurveda recommends consuming warm, cooked, easily digestible foods, which help balance Vata and enhance digestion. Soups, stews, and kitchari (a combination of rice and lentils) are ideal for promoting smooth bowel movements.

  • Increase fiber intake: Include fiber-rich foods like whole grains, vegetables (especially leafy greens), fruits (like apples, pears, and prunes), and legumes. Fiber adds bulk to the stool and helps it move through the intestines more easily.

  • Hydration: Drink plenty of warm water throughout the day to keep the digestive system hydrated. Herbal teas made with ginger, fennel, cumin, and coriander are excellent for digestion.

  • Avoid dry, cold, and heavy foods: Minimize the consumption of raw foods, cold beverages, and processed foods that can aggravate Vata and slow down digestion.

  • Healthy fats: Include moderate amounts of healthy fats like ghee, olive oil, and avocados in your diet. These help lubricate the digestive system and soften stools.

2. Ayurvedic Herbs for Constipation

Several Ayurvedic herbs are effective in relieving constipation by improving digestion, promoting bowel movements, and lubricating the intestines:

  • Triphala: A powerful herbal formulation made from Amla (Indian gooseberry), Haritaki, and Bibhitaki, Triphala is one of the most well-known remedies for constipation. It gently stimulates the bowels, improves digestion, and detoxifies the body.

  • Amla (Indian Gooseberry): A rich source of vitamin C, Amla helps improve digestion and regularize bowel movements. It also promotes the health of the colon.

  • Isabgol (Psyllium Husk): Isabgol is a natural laxative that helps relieve constipation by adding bulk to the stool and improving bowel movement. It is high in soluble fiber and is often used in combination with warm water for better results.

  • Senna: Senna is a natural herb that is often used in Ayurveda to treat constipation. It contains compounds that stimulate the muscles of the colon, promoting bowel movements.

  • Ghee: Consuming a teaspoon of ghee with warm water or mixed with honey can help lubricate the intestines and promote smoother bowel movements, especially in cases where constipation is due to Vata imbalance.

  • Ginger and Fennel: Ginger is excellent for stimulating digestion and reducing bloating, while fennel is known to reduce gas and promote normal bowel movements.

3. Ayurvedic Panchakarma Treatments

Panchakarma is a detoxification therapy in Ayurveda that can help cleanse the body and improve digestion. It includes several treatments such as abhyanga (oil massage), swedana (steam therapy), and basti (medicated enemas), which can help relieve constipation caused by Vata imbalances.

  • Basti (medicated enema) is a key treatment for constipation in Ayurveda. It involves the administration of herbal oils or decoctions into the rectum to lubricate and cleanse the intestines.

4. Lifestyle Modifications

  • Regular Exercise: Regular physical activity, such as yoga, walking, or simple stretching, helps stimulate the digestive system and promotes regular bowel movements.

    • Specific yoga poses like Pawanmuktasana (wind-relieving pose), Setu Bandhasana (bridge pose), and Paschimottanasana (seated forward bend) can help relieve constipation by promoting abdominal and intestinal movement.

  • Establish a routine: Following a regular daily routine (Dinacharya) is important in Ayurveda. Try to eat your meals at consistent times each day, maintain a regular sleep schedule, and avoid skipping meals.

  • Stress Management: Since emotional stress is a major contributor to constipation in Ayurveda (especially when Vata is aggravated), pranayama (breathing exercises), meditation, and relaxation techniques can help manage stress and improve bowel regularity.

Conclusion

Constipation is a common digestive issue, and Ayurveda treats it holistically by addressing the root causes, restoring balance to the Vata dosha, and promoting overall digestive health. Dietary changes, herbal remedies, lifestyle modifications, and Panchakarma treatments are effective in alleviating constipation and promoting long-term digestive wellness.

It is important to consult an Ayurvedic practitioner for a tailored treatment plan that suits your unique constitution (Prakriti) and current health condition (Vikriti). Alongside Ayurvedic treatments, it is crucial to maintain proper hydration, follow a balanced diet, and engage in regular physical activity to support the digestive system and prevent constipation from recurring.

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